藏地一些修行人吃三净肉的原因
中英文连载
《The Right View》(135)
WHY VEGETARIAN?
《素食的意义》
Vajrayana Buddhism was developed in two stages: the First and the Second Propagation period. The period of the First Propagation refers to Nyingmapa whose central teaching is Dzogchen, or Great Perfection. The tantras of Great Perfection specify dearly that no meat eating be allowed. The period of the Second Propagation refers to Gelugpa, Kagyupa, Sakyapa and all the other schools of Vajrayana Buddhism in Tibet except Nyingmapa. Of all the tantras of this period，the most important and pivotal is the Kalachakra Tantra. Both the Tantra and its annotations specify very clearly that meat eating is not allowed. All these point to the fact that Mahayana Buddhism, be it exoteric or esoteric, is against eating meat.
密宗分前译和后译。前译指宁玛巴，其最高法要是《大圆满》，而《大圆满》的续部（密宗的经典叫《续部》）中明确讲到不允许吃肉。后译指格鲁巴、噶举巴、萨迦巴等，除了宁玛巴以外的西藏密宗教派。后译《续部》中最重要和关键的是《时轮金刚》，而《时轮金刚》的续部和解释也讲得很清楚：不允许吃肉。由上可知，凡是大乘佛教，无论显宗、密宗，都是反对吃肉的。
In that case, why are meat and alcohol present in ganachakra?
为什么在密宗的会供中，会有酒有肉呢？
Actually，ganachakra is not at all like the ordinary eating and drinking spree. Following is further explanation on this.
其实，这与平时的吃肉喝酒是截然不同的。对此，下面再作分析。
If Mahayana Buddhism is against eating meat, why do some of the Tibetan practitioners eat meat? It is not because the scriptures gave them permission to do so but for other reasons. As you all know, most of the Tibetan Plateau is unsuitable for growing vegetables and rice. In the area where it is possible to grow crops, the yield is very low. And lacking sufficient transport facilities makes it difficult to have contact with the outside world. Especially in the pastoral areas, there is only tsampa (roasted ground barley) if people do not eat meat. In earlier times, due to the scarce availability of transportation, it was almost impossible for nomads to have contact with people outside of Tibet. Even within Tibet, people kept rather infrequent contact with one another. For example, some pastoral and agricultural areas in Qinghai were hundreds of miles apart. People there could only rely on horses and yaks to reach one another. The journey was treacherous and offered no guarantee of a safe return. Therefore，those in the pastoral areas had no choice but to eat meat because of the environment they were in. Although Mahayana teachings strictly prescribe vegetarianism and Tibetan practitioners also knew that eating meat is wrong and not in accord with the doctrine of Mahayana Buddhism, they still could not be vegetarian for the reasons described above. So they ended up eating meat, but only the three kinds of clean meat，never the unclean ones.
既然凡是大乘佛教都反对吃肉，那么西藏的修行人中为什么有人吃肉呢？这并非经典开许，而是另有其因。众所周知，西藏高原上大多数地方都不适合生长蔬菜和大米。即使在可以生长的地方，其产量也很少。加之交通不方便，和外界的接触相当少。特别在牧区，如果不吃肉就只有糌粑，没有太多选择。以前，牧区受交通不便的限制，几乎无法和其他地方联系 50 30507 50 15288 0 0 2724 0 0:00:11 0:00:05 0:00:06 2967即使西藏内部，相互间的往来也比较少。例如，青海的有些牧区和农区之间，相隔几百公里，相互往来只能凭借马和牦牛，路途十分艰险，想平安返回都无法保证。所以，在很多牧区，人们只有吃肉，这是环境决定的。虽然在大乘经典中严格要求素食，西藏的修行者也知道肉食不符合大乘佛教的教义，是不对的，可是他们却因环境因素而不能吃素，所以只有吃三净肉，但绝不吃非三净肉。
未完待续
慈诚罗珠堪布个人官方电台：
请点击“阅读原文”↓↓↓